> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://methodology.scope3.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Calculations # Detailed walkthrough of calculations ## Entity Definitions ### Channels | Channel | Description | | ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | | `web` | Website that is not primarily social or CTV | | `app` | Mobile app that is not primarily social or CTV | | `social` | A social platform (Snapchat, Facebook, etc) | | `ctv-bvod` | A TV-like streaming platform | | `streaming-video` | Website or app with online video content | | `digital-audio` | Audio content (podcasts, streaming music) | | `dooh` | Digital out of home - billboards, transit, etc | | `search` | A Search engine (Google, Bing, etc) | | `linear-tv` | Scheduled broadcast or cable television | | `traditional-radio` | Scheduled audio broadcast | ### Device Types | Device type | Description | | --------------- | ------------------------------------------- | | `phone` | A phone | | `tablet` | A tablet | | `pc` | A pc with a monitor or a laptop | | `tv` | A TV | | `smart-speaker` | A smart speaker - Amazon Echo or equivalent | ### Network Types | Network type | Description | | ------------ | --------------------------- | | `mobile` | A mobile network (3G/4G/5G) | | `fixed` | A fixed network (broadband) | ### Video Player | Field | Description | | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | `size_bytes` | Size of the javascript/html for a video player if present | | `buffering_seconds` | Video player buffering - if player preloads content, leave blank | | `download_trigger` | What starts the content download - impression, view (ie lazy load), play | ### [Ad Format](./creative#terminology-placements-ad-formats-creatives-and-assets) | Field | Description | | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `rendered_width_pixels` | Width of the creative when rendered. Leave blank for responsive (will assume screen width) | | `rendered_height_pixels` | Height of the creative when rendered. Leave blank for responsive (will assume screen height) | | `image_sizes` | Array of image dimensions (eg `["300x250", "70x70"]`) | | `audio_duration_seconds` | Audio duration (if applicable) | | `video_duration_seconds` | Video duration (if applicable) | | `video_player` | Video player used to render video (if applicable) | | `other_assets_bytes` | Metadata, text, html, etc | | `ad_platforms` | Ad serving, verification, and measurement ad platforms wrapping or embedded in the ad format | #### Sample Ad Formats: 300x250 programmatic banner ``` image_sizes = ['300x250'] rendered_width_pixels = 300, rendered_height_pixels = 250 ``` 30 second audio inserted into a podcast ``` audio_duration_seconds = 30 ``` 15 second outstream video ``` video_duration_seconds = 15; video_player = 'default', rendered_width_pixels = 500, rendered_height_pixels = 400 ``` Native product carousel ``` image_sizes = ['400x400','400x400','400x400'], other_assets_bytes = 7321, rendered_height_pixels = 600, rendered_width_pixels = 450 ``` ### Property | Field | Description | | ----------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `channels` | The channel(s) of this property | | `average_seconds_per_session_excluding_ads` | The average length of a session on this property excluding ads (eg 44 min of a 60 min TV show) | | `average_imps_per_session` | The average number of impressions per session | | `average_data_kb_per_session_excluding_ads` | The average number of KB transferred during a session excluding ads | | `video_bitrate_kbps` | The average bitrate for a CTV-BVOD property (e.g. 4200 kbps) | | `ad_funded_percentage` | 0-100 The percentage of content funded by advertising (eg 50) | | `allocated_adjusted_corporate_emissions_kgco2e` | This property's share of corporate emissions | | `total_sessions` | Number of sessions in the same time period as corporate emissions | | `organization_model_quality` | Parent organization model quality (1-5) | | `model_quality` | Model quality (1-5) | ### Ad Platform | Field | Description | | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `emissions_per_creative_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp` | Adjusted, allocated emissions per creative request by continent (NAMER, LATAM, EMEA, JAPAC) | | `usage_emissions_per_bid_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp` | Adjusted, allocated emissions per bid request by continent (NAMER, LATAM, EMEA, JAPAC) | | `usage_emissions_per_rtdp_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp` | Adjusted, allocated emissions per rtdp request by continent (NAMER, LATAM, EMEA, JAPAC) | | `bidders` | Array of ad platforms that are sent bid requests | | `real_time_data_providers` | Array of ad platforms that are sent real-time data requests (not propagated) | | `distribution_rate_by_bidder_by_country` | Traffic shaping data for each bidder by country (eg `'xandr.com', 'US', 0.58`) | | `average_bid_request_size` | Average size of a client-side bid request | | `sends_client_side_requests` | Does this platform send client-side bid requests (eg prebid client) | | `model_quality` | Model quality (1-5) | ### Placement | Field | Description | | -------------- | ----------------------------------------- | | `ad_platforms` | The ad platforms called by this placement | ### Delivery Row | Field | Description | | ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `impressions` | The number of impressions counted (required for all channels other than DOOH) | | `views` | The number of views counted | | `plays` | The number of plays (required for DOOH) | | `utc_datetime` | Date and time, in UTC, when impressions were delivered | | `country` | The country where the impression was delivered | | `region` | The region of the country where the impression was delivered | | `channel` | See [channels](#channels) | | `device_type` | See [device types](#device-types) | | `network_type` | See [network types](#network-types) | | `property` | See [property](#property) | | `creative_ad_format` | Either a basic or vendor-provided ad format | | `creative_ad_platforms` | Ad serving, verification, and measurement ad platforms wrapping or embedded in the creative | | `creative_total_image_data_transfer_bytes` | Total bytes for the data transfer for the image itself for all impressions, ideally measured by the CDN | | `creative_image_sizes` | Array of image sizes included in the creative | | `creative_total_audio_data_transfer_bytes` | Total bytes for the data transfer for the core audio asset for all impressions, ideally measured by the CDN | | `creative_audio_duration_seconds` | Average audio duration in seconds for a single impression | | `creative_total_video_data_transfer_bytes` | Total bytes for the data transfer for the core video asset for all loads, ideally measured by the CDN | | `creative_video_vast_bytes` | Average size of VAST/VPAID wrapper for the video in bytes for a single load | | `creative_video_bitrate_kbps` | Video bitrate *as delivered* in kilobits per second | | `creative_video_size_bytes` | Average video size *as delivered* in bytes for a single load | | `creative_video_duration_seconds` | Video duration in seconds | | `creative_video_view_time_seconds` | Average time, in seconds, that a video is viewed | | `creative_video_view_rate` | Average percentage of a video that is viewed | | `creative_time_in_view_seconds` | Time that the creative was visible on the device | | `creative_is_3p_served` | Is the ad format served by a third party ad server | ## Defaults ### Conventional model data transfer by network type The Scope3 values below are from [GMSF 1.2](https://adnetzero.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/GlobalMediaSustainabilityFrameworkV1.2.pdf). SRI values from [SRIxAD database 2.1](https://github.com/SRISyndicatRegiesInternet/SRIxAD-DigitalCampaignsCarbonFramework/releases/download/v2.1.0/Referentiel.SRI.x.AD.-.V2.1_partage.zip), original source ADEME\_220830\_v1.4 (now considered outdated). ``` default_usage_kwh_per_gb: scope3: fixed: 0.0165 mobile: 0.117 sri: fixed: 0.0687 mobile: 0.236 default_network_embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb: scope3: fixed: 0.00000214 mobile: 0.00000870 sri: fixed: 0.00000443 mobile: 0.00000797 ``` ### Power model data transfer by network type From [Carbon impact of video streaming (Carbon Trust)](https://ctprodstorageaccountp.blob.core.windows.net/prod-drupal-files/documents/resource/public/Carbon-impact-of-video-streaming.pdf), Table 5; and calculated [here](./data_transfer#fixed-network) ``` default_baseload_watts: fixed: 9.55 mobile: 1.2 default_dynamic_watts_per_mbps: fixed: 0.030 mobile: 1.53 ``` ### Mobile to fixed ratios by country From [ITU Data Hub](https://datahub.itu.int/) (2024 data), these ratios do not apply to TV and Smart Speakers for which a specific `default_percent_mobile_by_device_type` is set. ``` default_percent_mobile: scope3: 23.6 sri: 10.0 default_percent_mobile_by_country: scope3: AD: 2.982 AE: 12.538 AL: 11.136 AM: 12.329 AO: 81.256 AT: 42.451 AU: 10.022 AZ: 3.017 BD: 47.386 BE: 6.379 BG: 14.554 BH: 37.964 BJ: 80.867 BR: 14.080 BS: 6.093 BT: 99.203 BW: 50.891 BY: 18.362 CA: 3.853 CH: 17.137 CI: 45.733 CL: 16.351 CM: 23.455 CN: 13.541 CO: 39.500 CR: 7.691 CU: 83.348 CV: 23.001 CY: 14.170 CZ: 8.683 DE: 6.048 DJ: 72.578 DK: 15.555 DZ: 31.775 EC: 13.019 EG: 18.791 ES: 9.643 ET: 46.640 FI: 40.870 FR: 48.973 GB: 5.660 GE: 10.658 GH: 85.514 GQ: 99.999 GR: 13.514 HK: 16.645 HN: 43.333 HR: 23.090 HU: 13.856 ID: 66.646 IE: 14.068 IN: 68.162 IQ: 9.969 IR: 75.197 IS: 18.209 IT: 17.130 JM: 13.521 JO: 32.758 JP: 16.092 KE: 40.356 KG: 51.686 KM: 99.934 KR: 8.777 KW: 88.149 KZ: 46.552 LI: 5.123 LK: 69.934 LS: 70.932 LV: 30.723 MA: 30.585 MC: 7.871 ME: 18.232 MG: 50.644 MK: 13.946 MN: 36.233 MU: 21.725 MV: 5.177 MW: 98.758 MX: 11.922 MY: 52.676 NG: 99.451 NI: 51.951 NZ: 4.667 OM: 10.984 PF: 21.958 PK: 50.498 PL: 13.454 PT: 8.261 QA: 15.876 RO: 12.554 RS: 22.423 RU: 23.846 RW: 39.736 SA: 22.528 SC: 27.379 SI: 14.154 SK: 15.316 SM: 7.767 SN: 45.455 ST: 16.373 TG: 10.455 TH: 36.910 TN: 15.826 TR: 19.035 TT: 6.732 TW: 26.130 TZ: 98.330 UG: 92.443 US: 5.723 UY: 14.077 UZ: 59.382 VE: 4.700 VN: 8.577 VU: 97.689 YE: 16.667 ZA: 35.193 ZW: 22.887 default_percent_mobile_by_device_type: scope3: pc: 3.0 smart-speaker: 0.001 tablet: 10.0 tv: 0.001 ``` ### Video player characteristics Default video player size from [GMSF 1.2](https://adnetzero.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/GlobalMediaSustainabilityFrameworkV1.2.pdf) ``` default_video_player_size_bytes: 350000 default_video_player_download_trigger: web: 'impression' app: 'impression' ctv-bvod: 'impression' streaming-video: 'impression' dooh: 'play' search: 'impression' social: 'impression' ``` ### Media size Based on [YouTube recommendations](https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171), [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG) ``` default_image_compression_ratio: 10 default_non_primary_video_bitrate_kbps: 1200 default_video_bitrate_kbps: phone: 800 tablet: 1000 pc: 1200 tv: 3690 default_audio_bitrate_kbps: phone: 160 tablet: 160 pc: 160 tv: 160 smart-speaker: 160 radio: 160 ``` ### Device size From common devices (Quad HD 27” monitor, iPhone 13, Nexus 5X, iPad Air 1/2, iPad 2/3, Nexus 9, 1080P TV). **Note**: We use the software resolution, not the hardware resolution, to avoid underestimating the actual visual coverage of the ad displayed on screen. ``` default_rendered_device_height: pc: 1080 phone: 844 tablet: 820 tv: 1080 default_rendered_device_width: pc: 1920 phone: 390 tablet: 1180 tv: 1920 ``` ### Device energy use and embodied emissions See [Consumer Devices](./consumer_devices) ``` default_device_watts: scope3: pc: 55.44 phone: 4.68 radio: 6.55 smart-speaker: 2.5 tablet: 5.04 tv: 136.8 sri: phone: 2.856 pc: 29.4 tablet: 29.4 tv: 81.6 default_device_embodied_emissions_per_second: scope3: phone: 0.00655 pc: 0.00545 tablet: 0.0257 tv: 0.00865 smart-speaker: 0.0061 radio: 0.002514375 sri: phone: 0.00946 pc: 0.0132 tablet: 0.0128 tv: 0.00889 default_audio_power_utilization: pc: 0.84 phone: 0.36 tablet: 0.36 tv: 0.92 smart-speaker: 1.0 radio: 1.0 default_device_usage_emissions_from_fuel_consumption_per_second: phone: 0 pc: 0 tablet: 0 tv: 0 smart-speaker: 0 radio: 0.005 ``` ### Time in view for non-video ads Default in view time from [GMSF 1.2](https://adnetzero.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/GlobalMediaSustainabilityFrameworkV1.2.pdf) ``` default_time_in_view_seconds: 3 ``` ### Ad platform defaults Observations from various channels and CDN / Edge Node emission factors from [GMSF 1.2](https://adnetzero.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/GlobalMediaSustainabilityFrameworkV1.2.pdf) ``` default_consumer_device_request_size_bytes: web: 3000 app: 3000 ctv-bvod: 3000 dooh: 3000 audio: 3000 social: 3000 streaming-video: 3000 search: 300 default_emissions_per_creative_request_gco2_per_imp: 0.0003 default_emissions_per_bid_request_gco2_per_imp: 0.11442 default_emissions_per_rtdp_request_gco2_per_imp: 0.01 default_emissions_generic_ad_server_gco2_per_imp: 0.000016 default_emissions_generic_ad_server_gco2_per_imp_by_channel: social: 0.0043 default_emissions_ad_selection_gco2_per_imp_by_channel: search: 0.0012293 dooh: 0.00384 default_count_ad_platform: search: 1 dooh: 6 generic_creative_ad_server: emissions_per_creative_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp: NAMER: 0.0001 EMEA: 0.0001 JAPAC: 0.0003 LATAM: 0.0001 generic_measurement_platform: emissions_per_creative_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp: NAMER: 0.0001 EMEA: 0.0001 JAPAC: 0.0003 LATAM: 0.0001 default_platform_embodied_emissions_per_bid_request_gco2e_per_imp: 0.000015 edge_node_embodied_gco2e_per_kb: 0.000000588 edge_node_use_watts_per_kb: 0.00000043 ``` ### Channel and device type mappings The default ad formats for the Web and App channels are based on the [GMSF 1.2](https://adnetzero.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/GlobalMediaSustainabilityFrameworkV1.2.pdf) defaults for creative payload. ``` default_channel_by_device: phone: - social - ctv-bvod - digital-audio - app - web - search - streaming-video - linear-tv - traditional-radio tablet: - social - ctv-bvod - digital-audio - app - web - search - streaming-video - linear-tv - traditional-radio pc: - ctv-bvod - social - digital-audio - web - search - streaming-video - linear-tv - traditional-radio tv: - linear-tv - ctv-bvod - digital-audio - traditional-radio - web - search smart-speaker: - digital-audio radio: - traditional-radio default_device_by_channel: social: phone ctv-bvod: tv streaming-video: pc digital-audio: phone app: phone web: pc dooh: tv linear-tv: tv search: phone traditional-radio: radio default_platform_ad_format_identifier_by_channel: dooh: landscape-dooh social: 1080-1920-sponsored-post-social-phone ctv-bvod: 15s-video-ctv-bvod-tv streaming-video: 15s-video-streaming-video-pc digital-audio: 30s-audio-digital-audio-phone app: generic-gmsf-1-2-display-ad-app-phone web: generic-gmsf-1-2-display-ad-web-pc linear-tv: 30s-video-ctv-bvod-tv search: generic-search-ad-search-phone traditional-radio: 30s-radio-traditional-radio-radio classic-ooh: 6-sheet-classic-ooh-panel default_platform_ad_format_by_channel: dooh: Landscape - 1920x1080 Image social: Sponsored Post - 1080x1920 Image ctv-bvod: 15s Video streaming-video: 15s Video digital-audio: 30s Audio app: Generic GMSF 1.2 Display Ad web: Generic GMSF 1.2 Display Ad linear-tv: 30s Video search: Generic Search Ad traditional-radio: 30s Radio classic-ooh: 6 Sheet default_print_ad_format_by_medium: journal: Full Page Magazine newspaper: Quarter Page Newspaper magazine: Full Page Magazine leaflet: Full Page Leaflet default_property_average_imps_per_session_by_channel: social: 24 ctv-bvod: 18 streaming-video: 1 digital-audio: 4.8 app: 14 web: 32 linear-tv: 30 search: 12 traditional-radio: 21.5 default_property_ad_funded_percentage_by_channel: dooh: 100 social: 100 ctv-bvod: 100 streaming-video: 100 digital-audio: 100 app: 100 web: 100 linear-tv: 100 search: 100 traditional-radio: 100 default_average_seconds_per_session_excluding_ads_by_channel: social: 240 ctv-bvod: 2580 streaming-video: 143 digital-audio: 1500 app: 140 web: 320 linear-tv: 2580 search: 120 traditional-radio: 2580 default_average_data_kb_per_session_seconds_excluding_ads_by_channel: social: 38 app: 29.5 web: 1.011 search: 1.011 default_property_g_per_imp_by_channel: dooh: 0.049 social: 0.15 streaming-video: 0.049 ctv-bvod: 0.280 digital-audio: 0.049 app: 0.049 web: 0.049 search: 0.049 ``` ### Broadcasting defaults ``` default_percent_tv_distribution_method: cable: 28.6 iptv: 25.2 ota: 26.2 satellite: 20 default_percent_tv_distribution_method_by_country: AU: cable: 9.2 iptv: 40.8 ota: 45.4 satellite: 4.6 DE: cable: 41.5 iptv: 9.6 ota: 3.4 satellite: 45.5 FR: cable: 0 iptv: 46 ota: 46 satellite: 8 GB: cable: 8.9 iptv: 27.5 ota: 40.6 satellite: 23 US: cable: 43.3 iptv: 20.7 ota: 19.3 satellite: 16.7 default_tv_signal_preparation_power_watt: 16700 default_tv_signal_transmission_power_by_tv_distribution_method_watt: cable: 16000 ota: 165000 satellite: 3150 default_tv_signal_transmission_embodied_gco2e_per_second: 27 default_tv_home_equipment_power_by_tv_distribution_method_watt: cable: 16 iptv: 21 ota: 1 satellite: 22 default_tv_home_equipment_embodied_gco2e_per_second_by_tv_distribution_method: cable: 0.005346759 iptv: 0.005492307 ota: 0.001354252 satellite: 0.011423331 default_device_per_impression: app: 1 digital-audio: 1 ctv-bvod: 1 linear-tv: 0.667 streaming-video: 1 web: 1 traditional-radio: 0.667 default_property_g_per_play_by_channel: linear-tv: 790 traditional-radio: 790 default_iptv_network_distribution: fixed: 0.999 mobile: 0.001 default_percent_radio_distribution_method: fm: 60 am: 15 ota: 20 satellite: 5 default_radio_signal_transmission_power_by_radio_distribution_method_watt: fm: 245000 am: 273000 ota: 106000 satellite: 3150 default_radio_signal_transmission_embodied_by_radio_distribution_method_gco2e_per_second: fm: 7 am: 10 ota: 5 satellite: 6 ``` ### Creative storage defaults Emission factors from [GMSF 1.2](https://adnetzero.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/GlobalMediaSustainabilityFrameworkV1.2.pdf), along with assumptions on average distribution per storage type, default multipliers to estimate the required storage space based on the delivered creative size and default impressions per creative. ``` default_impressions_per_creative: 1000000 default_storage_kgco2e_per_gb: cloud_storage: 0.0253 hard_disk_drive: 0.16 linear_tape_open: 0.00114 solid_state_drive: 0.02 default_storage_usage_pct: cloud_storage: 45 hard_disk_drive: 25 linear_tape_open: 10 solid_state_drive: 20 creative_raw_asset_size_factor_by_channel: app: 20 ctv-bvod: 50 digital-audio: 5 dooh: 5 linear-tv: 50 search: 0 social: 20 streaming-video: 20 traditional-radio: 5 web: 20 creative_work_iterations_factor_by_channel: app: 1 ctv-bvod: 1 digital-audio: 1 dooh: 1 linear-tv: 1 search: 1 social: 1 streaming-video: 1 traditional-radio: 1 web: 1 ``` ### Asset size defaults ``` default_display_other_assets_bytes: 50000 default_display_creative_overhead_factor: 0.2 ``` ### Classic OOH defaults ``` default_ad_landfill_emissions_kgco2e_per_sq_metre: 0.291 default_ad_pct_recycling: classic-ooh: 20.0 default_ad_recycling_emissions_kgco2e_per_sq_metre: 0.1 default_corporate_emissions_kgco2e_per_panel_per_day: 0.3 default_embodied_emissions_kgco2e_per_sq_metre: 115.0 default_emissions_kgco2e_per_km_travelled: 0.2543 default_mechanical_rotation_power_draw_watts_per_sq_metre_per_hour: 12.5 default_digital_screen_landfill_emissions_kgco2e_per_sq_metre: 20.9 default_expected_lifetime_years: 10.0 default_illumination_power_draw_watts_per_sq_metre_per_hour: 100.0 default_ooh_ad_production_kgco2e_emissions_per_sq_metre: 3.78 default_ooh_campaign_duration_days: 14 default_ooh_share_of_time_pct: 100.0 default_panel_to_disposal_distance_per_ad_km: 4.0 default_printing_to_storage_distance_km_per_ad: classic-ooh: AD: 0.5 AE: 0.5 AL: 0.5 AM: 0.5 AO: 0.5 AT: 0.5 AU: 0.5 AZ: 0.5 BD: 0.5 BE: 0.5 BG: 0.5 BH: 0.5 BJ: 0.5 BR: 0.5 BS: 0.5 BT: 0.5 BW: 0.5 BY: 0.5 CA: 0.5 CH: 0.5 CI: 0.5 CL: 0.5 CM: 0.5 CN: 0.5 CO: 0.5 CR: 0.5 CU: 0.5 CV: 0.5 CY: 0.5 CZ: 0.5 DE: 0.5 DJ: 0.5 DK: 0.5 DZ: 0.5 EC: 0.5 EG: 0.5 ES: 0.5 ET: 0.5 FI: 0.5 FR: 0.5 GB: 0.5 GE: 0.5 GH: 0.5 GQ: 0.5 GR: 0.5 HK: 0.5 HN: 0.5 HR: 0.5 HU: 0.5 ID: 0.5 IE: 0.5 IN: 0.5 IQ: 0.5 IR: 0.5 IS: 0.5 IT: 0.5 JM: 0.5 JO: 0.5 JP: 0.5 KE: 0.5 KG: 0.5 KM: 0.5 KR: 0.5 KW: 0.5 KZ: 0.5 LI: 0.5 LK: 0.5 LS: 0.5 LV: 0.5 MA: 0.5 MC: 0.5 ME: 0.5 MG: 0.5 MK: 0.5 MN: 0.5 MU: 0.5 MV: 0.5 MW: 0.5 MX: 0.5 MY: 0.5 NG: 0.5 NI: 0.5 NZ: 0.5 OM: 0.5 PF: 0.5 PK: 0.5 PL: 0.5 PT: 0.5 QA: 0.5 RO: 0.5 RS: 0.5 RU: 0.5 RW: 0.5 SA: 0.5 SC: 0.5 SI: 0.5 SK: 0.5 SM: 0.5 SN: 0.5 ST: 0.5 TG: 0.5 TH: 0.5 TN: 0.5 TR: 0.5 TT: 0.5 TW: 0.5 TZ: 0.5 UG: 0.5 US: 0.5 UY: 0.5 UZ: 0.5 VE: 0.5 VN: 0.5 VU: 0.5 YE: 0.5 ZA: 0.5 ZW: 0.5 default_storage_emissions_kgco2e_per_panel: 0.01648333 default_storage_to_installation_distance_km_per_ad: classic-ooh: AD: 4.0 AE: 4.0 AL: 4.0 AM: 4.0 AO: 4.0 AT: 4.0 AU: 4.0 AZ: 4.0 BD: 4.0 BE: 4.0 BG: 4.0 BH: 4.0 BJ: 4.0 BR: 4.0 BS: 4.0 BT: 4.0 BW: 4.0 BY: 4.0 CA: 4.0 CH: 4.0 CI: 4.0 CL: 4.0 CM: 4.0 CN: 4.0 CO: 4.0 CR: 4.0 CU: 4.0 CV: 4.0 CY: 4.0 CZ: 4.0 DE: 4.0 DJ: 4.0 DK: 4.0 DZ: 4.0 EC: 4.0 EG: 4.0 ES: 4.0 ET: 4.0 FI: 4.0 FR: 4.0 GB: 4.0 GE: 4.0 GH: 4.0 GQ: 4.0 GR: 4.0 HK: 4.0 HN: 4.0 HR: 4.0 HU: 4.0 ID: 4.0 IE: 4.0 IN: 4.0 IQ: 4.0 IR: 4.0 IS: 4.0 IT: 4.0 JM: 4.0 JO: 4.0 JP: 4.0 KE: 4.0 KG: 4.0 KM: 4.0 KR: 4.0 KW: 4.0 KZ: 4.0 LI: 4.0 LK: 4.0 LS: 4.0 LV: 4.0 MA: 4.0 MC: 4.0 ME: 4.0 MG: 4.0 MK: 4.0 MN: 4.0 MU: 4.0 MV: 4.0 MW: 4.0 MX: 4.0 MY: 4.0 NG: 4.0 NI: 4.0 NZ: 4.0 OM: 4.0 PF: 4.0 PK: 4.0 PL: 4.0 PT: 4.0 QA: 4.0 RO: 4.0 RS: 4.0 RU: 4.0 RW: 4.0 SA: 4.0 SC: 4.0 SI: 4.0 SK: 4.0 SM: 4.0 SN: 4.0 ST: 4.0 TG: 4.0 TH: 4.0 TN: 4.0 TR: 4.0 TT: 4.0 TW: 4.0 TZ: 4.0 UG: 4.0 US: 4.0 UY: 4.0 UZ: 4.0 VE: 4.0 VN: 4.0 VU: 4.0 YE: 4.0 ZA: 4.0 ZW: 4.0 default_structure_expected_lifetime_years: 10.0 default_structure_landfill_emissions_kgco2e_per_sq_metre: 2.2 default_structure_pct_recycling: classic-ooh: 58.75 default_structure_recycling_emissions_kgco2e_per_sq_metre: 0.0 ``` ### Print defaults ``` default_downstream_transport_emissions_kgco2e_tonne_transported_per_km: 0.6382 default_downstream_travelled_distance_km: 100.0 default_freight_transport_emissions_kgco2e_tonne_transported_per_km: 0.11 default_papermill_to_printer_distance_km: 500.0 default_print_avg_readership: journal: 5.0 newspaper: 2.0 magazine: 5.0 leaflet: 0.5 default_print_media_corporate_emissions_per_page_gco2e: 0.05 default_print_medium_ad_to_edit_ratio: journal: 0.50 newspaper: 0.40 magazine: 0.50 leaflet: 1.0 default_print_medium_incineration_emission_factor_kgco2e_per_kg: 0.00641 default_print_medium_landfill_emission_factor_kgco2e_per_kg: 1.16 default_print_medium_page_surface_sq_meter: journal: 0.062 newspaper: 0.228 magazine: 0.062 leaflet: 0.031 default_print_medium_paper_gsm: journal: 90 newspaper: 45 magazine: 90 leaflet: 90 default_print_medium_paper_production_emissions_gco2e_gram: 0.001345 default_print_medium_reader_incineration_percentage: 15.0 default_print_medium_reader_incineration_percentage_by_country: GB: 17.0 FR: 25.0 DE: 13.0 NL: 13.0 ES: 20.0 IT: 16.0 US: 8.0 CA: 10.0 AU: 12.0 JP: 17.0 CN: 15.0 IN: 10.0 default_print_medium_reader_landfill_percentage: 20.0 default_print_medium_reader_landfill_percentage_by_country: GB: 5.0 FR: 5.0 DE: 2.0 NL: 1.0 ES: 7.0 IT: 5.0 US: 24.0 CA: 20.0 AU: 10.0 JP: 1.0 CN: 35.0 IN: 60.0 default_print_medium_reader_recycling_percentage: 65.0 default_print_medium_reader_recycling_percentage_by_country: GB: 78.0 FR: 70.0 DE: 85.0 NL: 86.0 ES: 73.0 IT: 79.0 US: 68.0 CA: 70.0 AU: 78.0 JP: 82.0 CN: 50.0 IN: 30.0 default_print_medium_recycling_emission_factor_kgco2e_per_kg: 0.00641 default_print_medium_total_pages: journal: 100 newspaper: 40 magazine: 100 leaflet: 1 default_print_medium_unsold_incineration_percentage: 15.0 default_print_medium_unsold_landfill_percentage: 5.0 default_print_medium_unsold_recycling_percentage: 80.0 default_print_sellthrough_rate_pct: journal: 65.0 newspaper: 80.0 magazine: 65.0 leaflet: 100.0 default_print_spoilage_waste_rate: journal: 0.05 newspaper: 0.05 magazine: 0.05 default_printing_finishing_emissions_gco2e_per_page: journal: 1.5 newspaper: 1.0 magazine: 1.5 leaflet: 2.0 default_printer_to_storage_distance_km: 100.0 ``` ### DOOH defaults ``` default_digital_screen_embodied_emissions_kgco2e_per_second: 0.0000249 ``` ## Lookups from external sources ### Carbon intensity by country, region, and UTC Date/Time Providers should clearly and publicly document: * Which data provider is used for carbon intensity data (for instance, WattTime or ElectricityMaps) * What carbon intensity metric is used (marginal vs average) `lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime)` should look up the carbon intensity in gCO2e based on 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) from a database at no less than hourly granularity. `lookup_carbon_intensity_quality(country, region)` should return the quality of the underlying grid mix data on a scale of 1-5 per [Model Quality](#model-quality). ## Fallbacks We use all data we have available on every single request but in many situations we may lack some information, for this we have a series of fallbacks to be able to provide reasonable estimates in most situations. To determine network when it's not submitted we calculate costs associated to network type as a weighted average of the fixed and mobile usage in the country (if available) or worldwide. We can also generally determine the channel from the property or when that is ambiguous but we have device information we fall back to a default channel by device. ``` pct_mobile = country ? default_percent_mobile_by_country[country] / 100 : default_percent_mobile / 100 average_embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb = default_network_embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb['mobile'] x pct_mobile + default_network_embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb['fixed'] x (1 - pct_mobile) embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb = network_type ? default_network_embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb[network_type] : average_embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb average_usage_kwh_per_gb = default_usage_kwh_per_gb['mobile'] x pct_mobile + default_usage_kwh_per_gb['fixed'] x (1 - pct_mobile) usage_kwh_per_gb = network_type ? default_usage_kwh_per_gb['network_type'] : average_usage_kwh_per_gb average_baseload_watts = default_baseload_watts['mobile'] x pct_mobile + default_baseload_watts['fixed'] x (1 - pct_mobile) average_dynamic_watts_per_mbps = default_dynamic_watts_per_mbps['mobile'] x pct_mobile + default_dynamic_watts_per_mbps['fixed'] x (1 - pct_mobile) baseload_watts = network_type ? default_baseload_watts[network_type] : average_baseload_watts dynamic_watts_per_mbps = network_type ? default_dynamic_watts_per_mbps[network_type] : average_dynamic_watts_per_mbps lookup_channel: if property.channels.length == 1: return property.channels[0] if channel && channel in property.channels: return channel is_audio_creative = creative_audio_data_transfer_bytes || creative_audio_duration_seconds || ad_format.audio_duration_seconds if is_audio_creative && 'audio' in property.channels: return 'audio' if device_type && default_channel_by_device[device_type] in property.channels: return default_channel_by_device[device_type] return property.channels[0] channel = lookup_channel() device_type = device_type ? default_device_by_channel[channel] ``` ## Calculating Emissions ### Tech Manipulation - Creative Storage ``` creative_storage_gco2_per_imp = (default_linear_tape_open_storage_kgco2e_per_gb * default_linear_tape_open_storage_usage_pct + default_hard_disk_drive_storage_kgco2e_per_gb * default_hard_disk_drive_storage_usage_pct + default_solid_state_drive_storage_kgco2e_per_gb * default_solid_state_drive_storage_kgco2e_per_gb + default_cloud_storage_kgco2e_per_gb * default_cloud_storage_usage_pct) * 1000 * ((creative_data_transfer_bytes * creative_raw_asset_size_factor[Channel] + creative_data_transfer_bytes * creative_work_iterations_factor[Channel]) / 1000000000) / default_impressions_per_creative ``` ### Creative Delivery - Data Transfer ``` creative_data_transfer_emissions_gco2_per_imp = creative_data_transfer_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp + creative_data_transfer_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp ``` For all channels other than CTV/BVOD, use the conventional model: ``` creative_data_transfer_bytes = video_bytes + audio_bytes + image_bytes + ad_format.video_player.size_bytes + ad_format.other_asset_bytes creative_data_transfer_usage_emissions_gco2 = creative_data_transfer_bytes / 1000 x usage_kwh_per_gb / 1000000 x lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime) creative_data_transfer_embodied_emissions_gco2 = creative_data_transfer_bytes / 1000 x embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb ``` If data transfer is provided in the delivery row, use it: ``` image_bytes = creative_total_image_data_transfer_bytes video_bytes = creative_total_video_data_transfer_bytes + (creative_video_vast_bytes x loads) audio_bytes = creative_total_audio_data_transfer_bytes ``` Otherwise, calculate data transfer: ``` image_sizes = creative_image_sizes ? ad_format.image_sizes image_bytes = SUM(image_sizes[n].width x image_sizes[n].height) x 3 / default_image_compression_ratio x impressions audio_duration = creative_audio_duration_seconds ?? ad_format.audio_duration_seconds audio_bytes = audio_duration_seconds x default_audio_bitrate_kbps[device_type] / 8 x 1000 x impressions is_primary_experience = !ad_format.rendered_width_pixels && !ad_format.rendered_height_pixels default_bitrate_kbps = is_primary_experience ? default_video_bitrate_kbps[device_type] : default_non_primary_video_bitrate_kbps video_bitrate_kbps = creative_video_bitrate_kbps ?? creative_video_size_bytes x 8 / 1000 / creative_video_duration ?? property.video_bitrate_kbps[device_type] ?? default_bitrate_kbps video_duration = creative_video_duration_seconds ?? ad_format.video_duration_seconds seconds_watched = creative_video_view_time_seconds ?? creative_video_view_rate x video_duration_seconds ?? video_duration_seconds buffer = ad_format.video_player.buffering_seconds ?? infinity seconds_streamed = MIN(seconds_watched + buffer, video_duration_seconds) loads = switch(ad_format.video_player.download_trigger): 'view': views 'play': plays 'impression': impressions video_bytes = (video_bitrate_kbps / 8 x 1000 x seconds_streamed + creative_video_vast_bytes) x loads ``` For CTV/BVOD, use the power model: ``` video_bitrate_kbps = creative_video_bitrate_kbps ?? property.video_bitrate_kbps[device_type] ?? default_video_bitrate_kbps[device_type] power_watts = baseload_watts + dynamic_watts_per_mbps x video_bitrate_kbps / 1000 creative_data_transfer_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp = creative_video_duration_seconds / 3600 x power_watts / 1000 x lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime) creative_data_transfer_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp = creative_video_duration_seconds x video_bitrate_kbps / 128 x embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb ``` ### Creative Delivery - Platform ``` default_creative_platforms = creative_is_3p_served ? [generic_creative_ad_server, generic_measurement_platform] : [] creative_platforms = creative_ad_platforms ?? default_creative_platforms creative_platform_emissions_gco2_per_imp = 0 for platform in [creative_platforms, ad_format.ad_platforms]: emissions_per_creative_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp = platform.emissions_per_creative_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp ?? ((creative_data_transfer_bytes / 1000) x (edge_node_use_watts_per_kb / 1000) x lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime)) + (creative_data_transfer_bytes / 1000 x edge_node_embodied_gco2e_per_kb) creative_platform_emissions_gco2_per_imp += emissions_per_creative_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp ``` ### Creative Delivery - Consumer Device ``` device_pixels = default_rendered_device_width[device_type] x default_rendered_device_height[device_type] rendered_width = ad_format.rendered_width_pixels ?? default_rendered_device_width[device_type] rendered_height = ad_format.rendered_height_pixels ?? default_rendered_device_height[device_type] visual_device_coverage = is_primary_experience ? 1 : MIN(1, rendered_width x rendered_height / device_pixels) time_in_view = video_duration ?? creative_time_in_view_seconds ?? default_time_in_view_seconds if channel == digital-audio : device_power_utilization == 'smart-speaker' ? 1 : default_audio_power_utilization[device_type] energy_adjusted_active_seconds = device_power_utilization * audio_duration else: energy_adjusted_active_seconds = visual_device_coverage x time_in_view creative_consumer_device_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp = device_coverage_seconds / 3600 x default_device_watts[device_type] / 1000 x lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime) + default_device_usage_emissions_from_fuel_consumption_per_second[device_type] creative_consumer_device_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp = device_coverage_seconds x default_device_embodied_emissions_per_second[device_type] ``` ### Media Delivery - Data Transfer ``` media_data_transfer_emissions_gco2_per_imp = media_data_transfer_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp + media_data_transfer_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp ``` Determing the session seconds for a single impressions ``` session_seconds_per_imp = property.average_seconds_per_session_excluding_ads x property.ad_funded_percentage/100 / property.average_imps_per_session ``` For all channels other than CTV/BVOD, use the conventional model: ``` media_data_transfer_kb_per_imp = property.average_data_kb_per_session_excluding_ads x property.ad_funded_percentage/100 / property.average_imps_per_session media_data_transfer_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp = media_data_transfer_kb_per_imp x usage_kwh_per_gb / 1000000 x lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime) media_data_transfer_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp = media_data_transfer_kb_per_imp x embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb ``` For CTV/BVOD, use the power model: ``` video_bitrate_kbps = property.video_bitrate_kbps[device_type] ?? default_video_bitrate_kbps[device_type] power_watts = baseload_watts + dynamic_watts_per_mbps x video_bitrate_kbps / 1000 media_data_transfer_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp = session_seconds_per_imp / 3600 x power_watts / 1000 x lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime) media_data_transfer_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp = session_seconds_per_imp x video_bitrate_kbps / 128 x embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb ``` ### Media Delivery - Consumer Device ``` media_consumer_device_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp = session_seconds_per_imp / 3600 x default_device_watts[device_type] / 1000 x lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime) + default_device_usage_emissions_from_fuel_consumption_per_second[device_type] media_consumer_device_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp = session_seconds_per_imp x default_device_embodied_emissions_per_second[device_type] ``` ### Media Delivery - Corporate ``` media_corporate_emissions_gco2_per_imp = property.allocated_adjusted_corporate_emissions_kg x 1000 / property.total_sessions / property.average_imps_per_session ``` ### Ad Selection - Platform ``` get_platform_emissions(ad_platform): direct_emissions = usage_emissions_per_bid_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp + default_platform_embodied_emissions_per_bid_request_gco2e_per_imp rtdp_emissions = 0 for rtdp in ad_platform.real_time_data_providers: rtdp_emissions += usage_emissions_per_rtdp_request_per_geo_gco2_per_imp + default_platform_embodied_emissions_per_bid_request_gco2e_per_imp bidder_emissions = 0 for bidder in ad_platform.bidders: bidder_emissions += get_platform_emissions(bidder) x ad_platform.distribution_rate_by_bidder_by_country[country, bidder] ?? 1 return direct_emissions + rtdp_emissions + bidder_emissions ad_selection_platform_emissions_gco2_per_imp = 0 data_transfer_bytes = 0 if channel in ['search', 'dooh']: data_transfer_bytes = default_count_ad_platform[channel] * default_consumer_device_request_size_bytes[channel] ad_selection_platform_emissions_gco2_per_imp = default_emissions_ad_selection_gco2_per_imp_by_channel[channel] else: for platform in placement.ad_platforms: ad_selection_platform_emissions_gco2_per_imp += get_platform_emissions(platform) platform_bytes = platform.average_bid_request_size ?? default_consumer_device_request_size_bytes[channel] data_transfer_bytes += default_consumer_device_request_size_bytes[channel] if platform.sends_client_side_requests: for bidder in platform.bidders: bidder_bytes = bidder.average_bid_request_size ?? default_consumer_device_request_size_bytes[channel] data_transfer_bytes += bidder_bytes x platform.distribution_rate_by_bidder_by_country[country, bidder] ?? 1 ``` ### Ad Selection - Data Transfer ``` ad_selection_data_transfer_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp = data_transfer_bytes / 1000 x usage_kwh_per_gb / 1000000 x lookup_carbon_intensity_gco2e_per_kwh(country, region, utc_datetime) ad_selection_data_transfer_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp = data_transfer_bytes / 1000 x embodied_emissions_gco2e_per_kb ad_selection_data_transfer_emissions_gco2_per_imp = ad_selection_data_transfer_usage_emissions_gco2_per_imp + ad_selection_data_transfer_embodied_emissions_gco2_per_imp ``` ### Model Quality ``` grid_mix_model_quality = lookup_carbon_intensity_quality(country, region) organization_model_quality = property.organization_model_quality property_model_quality = property.model_quality total_platforms = 0 modeled_platforms = 0 for platform in placement.ad_platforms: total_platforms++ if platform.model_quality > 1 modeled_platforms++ # Model one level of downstream platforms for bidder in ad_platform.bidders: total_platforms++ if bidder.model_quality > 1 modeled_platforms++ ad_platform_modeled_ratio = modeled_platforms / total_platforms ```